Overview
The first full-scale biography of the complex man known today as the author of Dracula, but who was famous in his own time as the innovative manager of London's Lyceum Theatre, home of the greatest English actors of the day, Henry Irving and Ellen Terry. Barbara Belford tells the story of Stoker the hidden man. On the surface: the very model of Victorian modesty, reserve, and duty, the devoted husband and father. In actuality: a man whose emotional and working energies were in large part expended on the care and cultivation of the flamboyant, mesmerizing genius of the stage, Henry Irving. We follow Stoker from his sickly childhood - entertained by his mother's twice-told tales of Irish hobgoblins and banshees - to his years as a Dublin undergraduate student and newspaperman, when he first wrote to his idol Walt Whitman, spilling out his innermost thoughts and beginning a lifelong correspondence that culminated in their meeting when Stoker traveled to America on tour with Irving and Ellen Terry. We see Stoker's childhood friendship with Oscar Wilde, and watch as the two young men compete for the hand of the beautiful Florence Balcombe, who became Stoker's wife. And we see Stoker in the literary and theatrical circles of Victorian London among such figures as Mark Twain, Arthur Conan Doyle, James Whistler, Lord Tennyson, and George Bernard Shaw.Editorials
Publishers Weekly -
Bram Stoker's son claimed that the plot of Dracula (1897) came to his father "in a nightmarish dream after eating too much dressed crab.'' Despite some melodramatic prose, that comment is as exciting as this biography of Stoker (1847-1912) gets. How a boring Victorian Dubliner could have produced the creepiest horror novel of his time remains one of the mysteries of fictional creativity. Belford, biographer of Violet Hunt, has struggled with the problem and sees in Stoker's mesmerizing employer, actor-impresario Henry Irving, the sinister reflection of Vlad the Impaler, but the part-time author, who was the business manager of the Lyceum Theatre, remains bloodless. A tempestuous inner life, fired by sexual frustration (although Stoker was married to an Irish beauty) and omnivorous reading in lurid subliterature, is as close to a solution as we get here. Since Stoker's routine, whether Irving's company traveled or stayed put, was prosaic, Belford often segues to his London acquaintances or his restaurant menus, and sights foreshadowings of Dracula far and near. For those who have been frozen in their armchairs by the spell of Stoker's unforgettable vampire, or who are riveted by its hardly hidden sexual pathology, Stoker's life will be an anticlimax. Illustrations. (Apr.)Library Journal
Belford (Brilliant Bylines, Columbia Univ., 1986) has written an enlightening portrait of a man who spent his life in the shadows. Stoker devoted most of his life (1847-1912) to the theater, specifically the Lyceum in London, as the manager of the demanding but enormously successful stage actor Henry Irving. Belford uses unpublished archival material from Britain and the United States to construct the Gothic writer's life and the influences that resulted in his creation of the infamous vampire, Dracula. Of special interest is the symbiotic relationship between Stoker and Irving as manifested in the novel by Dracula's mesmerizing of Jonathan Harker, indicative of Irving's complete control over Stoker's life. Valuable as both a biography of Stoker and a study of late 19th-century British theater, Belford's book provides interesting glimpses into the lives of playwrights such as George Bernard Shaw and Oscar Wilde and their business and personal relationships with Stoker. Recommended for public libraries.-Jacqueline Garlesky, Univ. of Pittsburgh, Johnstown, Pa.Jack Helbig
As Belford depicts him in this fine biography, Bram Stoker was a charming but self-effacing figure overshadowed in his lifetime by his flamboyant employer, larger-than-life actor Henry Irving, then overshadowed after death by his greatest creation, Dracula. Indeed, the beauty of Belford's fine work is that it gives us the marvelous full portrait of a man used to yielding the spotlight to other men. During the course of this vivid, painstakingly researched book, we get to know intimately two Stokers: the efficient, detail-oriented theater manager, as responsible for the remarkable success of London's famed Lyceum Theatre as Irving, its star, and the secret man of letters who in his youth obsessively loved Whitman's then controversial "Leaves of Grass" but didn't start writing seriously until his late 30s and then produced mostly potboilers. Only "Dracula" was written with the devotion and care that make a masterpiece--a fact that clearly fascinates Belford, who weaves tightly into a chronological biography a scholarly yet still immensely readable second book, an examination of Stoker's sources and inspirations that will especially gratify those who regard "Dracula" as more than just a yarn about vampires.Kirkus Reviews
A very, well, anemic account of the life of the man who wrote the ultimate vampire tale, from the biographer of Edwardian novelist Violet Hunt (1990).The thinness of this biography isn't totally Belford's fault: Bram Stoker cast himself in a supporting role to the innovative actor Henry Irving. Stoker, a tall, genial, redheaded Irishman (he married the woman who was Oscar Wilde's first love), served with great flair and efficiency as the actor's manager at the Lyceum Theatre. He venerated Irving, and the sorrow of his life was the egocentric actor's failure to acknowledge Stoker's role in his success. But the dearth of primary documentation about Stoker—even his journals seem to record Irving's doings more than his own—force Belford to strain to work her subject into a narrative that centers heavily on Irving, his leading lady, Ellen Terry, and the theatrical life of the era. Belford ends up reading the author's life as a gloss on his one lasting work of fiction, dully tracing every element of the tale to some fact of Stoker's life: The great white mane of Stoker's other idol, Walt Whitman, becomes the white hair of Dracula; the safe where Stoker stored the Lyceum's financial records becomes the safe where Mina's typescript is locked away; Dracula himself is Irving, who sucked the life out of his "servant" with no recompense. Yet aside from Stoker's penchant for the occult and doppelgängers (the latter shared with his friend Mark Twain), the true sources of the novel in his creativity and emotions remain obscure. As for Dracula itself, it remains a conundrum of violation, rapacious desire, and death under the cloak of Victorian civility.
It mirrors the fundamental conundrum of Stoker's life, as posed by a journalist of his time: How could this "great shambling, good-natured overgrown boy" have been the author of Dracula? Belford doesn't manage an answer.