Brain Circuitry and Signaling in Psychiatry: Basic Science and Clinical Implications

The 1990s, appropriately termed "the decade of the brain," witnessed unprecedented advances in our knowledge of psychiatric neuroscience. Yet with every advance, we realized afresh that we were still in the beginning stages of a much longer journey.

This text chronicles the next step of that journey. Structured around a proven teaching methodology that uniquely integrates the clinical aspects of psychiatric disorders with their neurobiology, this volume begins with two introductory chapters on functional neural circuitry and neural signaling pathways. The remaining six chapters present current knowledge on the neuroanatomic and neurochemical mechanisms underlying schizophrenia, addiction, anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and dementia/Alzheimer's disease. For clarity and consistency, each chapter focusing on a specific disorder features the same four divisions -- clinical presentation, neural circuitry, signaling pathways, and psychopharmacology.

Meticulously researched and clearly written by 15 contributors -- all recognized experts from leading research and teaching institutions in the United States -- this compact and extensively illustrated volume stands out in the literature because it combines readability and practicality with the breadth and depth typically found only in far lengthier works. Psychiatric practitioners, residents, and students alike will welcome this informative, easy-to-read text, which will also be of special interest to mental health and pharmaceutical industry professionals, and of general interest to anyone who wants to know more about the biology of psychiatric illness.

American Psychiatric Publishing

The 1990s, appropriately termed “the decade of the brain,” witnessed unprecedented advances in our knowledge of psychiatric neuroscience. Yet with every advance, we realized afresh that we were still in the beginning stages of a much longer journey.

This text chronicles the next step of that journey. Structured around a proven teaching methodology that uniquely integrates the clinical aspects of psychiatric disorders with their neurobiology, this volume begins with two introductory chapters on functional neural circuitry and neural signaling pathways. The remaining six chapters present current knowledge on the neuroanatomic and neurochemical mechanisms underlying schizophrenia, addiction, anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and dementia/Alzheimer's disease. For clarity and consistency, each chapter features the same four divisions—clinical presentation, neural circuitry, signaling pathways, and psychopharmacology—as they relate to

• Schizophrenia, which reviews studies of the neural basis of schizophrenia and describes how the cortex, the thalamus, the basal ganglia, and the medial temporal lobe work together during normal brain function and then how each is perturbed in psychosis.

• Addiction, which focuses on the consequences of psychoactive substance use, including compulsive practices (e.g., eating, sex, Internet browsing) that might also involve the same brain circuits and signaling pathways. Of exceptional value are two unique illustrations that capture—for the first time—much of what we know about the anatomy and neurochemistry underlying the behavioral symptoms of addiction.

• Anxiety, which presents current hypotheses regarding neurocircuitry and signaling pathways for the three best-studied (from a neurobiologic perspective) anxiety disorders: panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

• Depression, which offers evidence for the involvement of highly interconnected cortical and limbic structures such as the prefrontal cortex, medial thalamus, amygdala, ventral striatum, hippocampus, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in unipolar major depression, and suggests target areas (such as the cAMP pathway) for study in the development of new antidepressants.

• Bipolar disorder, which shows that specific abnormalities in signal transduction pathways, including protein kinase activity, G protein levels, and gene expression, are unique to bipolar patients, concluding that the actions of lithium and anticonvulsants on intracellular signaling pathways provide a new paradigm for novel pharmacological interventions.

• Dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, which details current findings on neurofibrillary degeneration, relevant genes and proteins, pathogenesis (metabolic decline, defective cell repair, and Aß toxicity), and treatment strategies (neurotransmitter replacement, and neuroprotective and regenerative approaches). Discusses frontotemporal dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson’s disease, and vascular dementia.

Meticulously researched and clearly written by 15 contributors—all recognized experts from leading research and teaching institutions in the United States—this compact and extensively illustrated volume stands out in the literature because it combines readability and practicality with the breadth and depth typically found only in far lengthier works. Psychiatric practitioners, residents, and students alike will welcome this informative, easy-to-read text, which will also be of special interest to mental health and pharmaceutical industry professionals, and of general interest to anyone who wants to know more about the biology of psychiatric illness.

Doody Review Services

Reviewer:Michael Joel Schrift, D.O., M.A.(University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine)
Description:This is an excellent new book covering basic neuroscience and the relevance of this information for clinicians in practice. Written and edited by experts in the field, this book is a valuable contribution to psychiatry.
Purpose:The purpose, according to the editors, is to present psychiatric neuroscience in a relatively brief and readable format as well as to inform psychiatric clinicians and students of psychiatry, neuroscience, and psychopharmacology. The editors and chapter authors have succeeded in their goal.
Audience:The intended audience is clinical psychiatrists who have a basic knowledge of neuroscience and a desire to understand this rapidly growing field. The book also would be useful for psychiatry residents and medical students.
Features:The book features 266 pages divided into eight chapters. Topics covered include basic neurophysiology and neuroscientific issues relevant to various clinical syndromes such as anxiety, addiction, depression, bipolar disorder, and dementia. Each chapter ends with fairly up-to-date references and there is a useful index at the back of the book.
Assessment:This is a valuable new book providing a basic introduction to clinical neuroscience. Trainees and clinicians who have been out of training for many years should read and refer to this book.

Gary B. Kaplan, M.D., is Associate Professor in the Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior and Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology at Brown University School of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Providence, Rhode Island.

Ronald P. Hammer Jr., Ph.D., is Professor in the Departments of Psychiatry, Anatomy, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience at Tufts University School of Medicine and Laboratory of Research in Psychiatry, New England Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts.