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Ethnic & Race Relations, United States History - 20th Century - Wars & Conflict, World War II, Discrimination & Prejudice
Double Victory by Ronald Takaki — book cover

Double Victory

by Ronald Takaki
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Overview

" Until now, the story of America's role in World War II has been presented primarily through the lives of powerful policymakers and generals, or through the heroism of American soldiers of predominantly European ancestry. Award-winning historian Ronald Takaki's multicultural history offers a different perspective. In Double Victory, history is told through the lives of ordinary, ethnically diverse Americans -- a Tuskegee pilot wanting to fly and fight for freedom, a Navajo code talker using his native language to transmit battle messages, a Mexican-American woman riveting B-29 bombers in an airplane factory, a Japanese American feeling betrayed by his own government, and a Jewish-American soldier at Buchenwald pressing human ashes into his palm so that he would never forget what he had seen.

Takaki scrutinizes the contradictions of the "good war." The war for the "Four Freedoms" was fought by a Jim Crow army; jobs in the "arsenal of democracy" were not open to all regardless of race; bloody race riots in the cities denied "freedom from fear" to blacks and Mexicans; the fight against Nazism was accompanied by the failure of our government to rescue Jewish refugees; and the leader of the free world signed the executive order for the internment of Japanese Americans.

However, Takaki shows that minorities were not just victims but also actors in history, making choices and taking actions to insist that their nation live up to its founding principle of equality and to defend the world's unfinished, but best hope for, democracy. What emerges from Takaki's study is the affirming story of how minorities fought for a "double victory" against fascism abroad and prejudice at home."Author Bio: "My grandfather emigrated from Japan to work on the cane fields of Hawaii in 1886, and my mother was born on the Hawi Plantation. As a teenager growing up on Oahu, I was not academically inclined but was actually a surfer. During my senior year, I took a religion course taught by Dr. Shunji Nishi, a Japanese American with a Ph.D. I remember going home and asking my mother, who only had an eighth-grade education: "Mom, what's a Ph.D.?" She answered: "I don't know but he must be very smart." Dr. Nishi became a role model for me, and he arranged for me to attend the College of Wooster. There my fellow white students asked me questions like: "How long have you been in this county? Where did you learn to speak English?" They did not see me as a fellow American. I did not look white or European in ancestry. As a scholar, I have been seeking to write a more inclusive and hence more accurate history of Americans, Chicanos, Native Americans as well as certain European immigrant groups like the Irish and Jews. My scholarship seeks not to separate our diverse groups but to show how our experiences were different but they were not disparate. Multicultural history, as I write and present it, leads not to what Schlesinger calls the "disuniting of America" but rather to the re-uniting of America."

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Editorials

San Francisco Chronicle

...Takaki has assembled a lively pastiche...rich in humanity and inclusiveness...offer ample resources fir those who wish to delve further...
—(8/6/00)

Publishers Weekly - Publisher's Weekly

A significant number of Americans fought WWII on two fronts, according to Berkeley ethicist Takaki (A Larger Memory; A Different Mirror; etc.): the Axis powers were one enemy; the other was racism on the home front. This is by now a conventional argument that Takaki's anecdotal narrative does more to illustrate than to develop, though the book does demonstrate more clearly than ever the degree to which America in the 1940s was a white man's country, as opposed to a melting pot. It shows as well the wartime responses of a variety of ethnic and cultural communities--Mexicans, African-Americans, Chinese, Filipinos, Koreans, Jews and Italians. Japanese-Americans get a full chapter to themselves, concluding with an analysis of Hiroshima as a manifestation of racism. Takaki shows how the combination of military service and war work simultaneously opened horizons and raised consciousness. Black women who left white kitchens for assembly lines gained economic autonomy and faced new patterns of racial slights. Mexicans who had spent their lives in barrios found communicating in English essential for the better-paying jobs that opened more rapidly than Anglos could fill them. More significant, however, is the extent to which Takaki's anecdotal evidence challenges a fundamental element of historical multiculturalism: rather than clinging to ethnic identities in response to American involvement in the war, those recorded here asserted their American identity in order to share in the war's patriotic spirit as well as its economic spoils. (The principal exception to this drive for assimilation were the nisei, who even before Pearl Harbor sought to "embrace their twoness" with a greater vehemence than other marginalized ethnic groups.) Takaki compellingly argues that these experiences prefigured the civil rights revolution. This book thus depicts, forcefully and clearly, the first steps toward an America that could be color-neutral. (June) Copyright 2000 Cahners Business Information.|

KLIATT

A letter written to the Pittsburg Courier in January, 1942 by one James G. Thompson summed up the call to arms for all Americans of color. "The V for Victory sign is displayed prominently in all so-called democratic countries which are fighting for victory over aggression, slavery and tyranny...then let we colored Americans adopt the double VV for a double victory. The first V for a victory over our enemies from without and the second V for victory over our enemies from within." In one case history after another, Takaki cites the aggressive bigotry tolerated and codified into U.S. laws levied against virtually all minority groups during WW II. The most famous of these was the internment of Japanese Americans soon after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Not even imprisonment, however, was enough for Roosevelt and his generals. Japanese Americans' homes, farms, and all other major possessions were summarily confiscated and sold at auction. But few, if any, minority groups were spared the flood of rabid prejudices of "white" America that swept the country during the war. Americans of Indian, Japanese, Mexican, African descent, among others, were hounded, brutalized and segregated from the mainstream of American life. Yet each of these groups sacrificed more of their sons and daughters on the altar of war than any other segment of the population. Without exception, they suffered significantly greater combat casualties and deaths as a percentage of their populations. What is surprising is that they were willing to fight and die for a nation that had loudly proclaimed it did not want them in its midst. Students of American history will find Takaki's revelations of this "glorious" period asdark as the chapter written during the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s that marked the beginning of the struggle that would ultimately help win the second V. Category: History and Geography. KLIATT Codes: SA—Recommended for senior high school students, advanced students, and adults. 2000, Little, Brown, Back Bay Books, 281p. illus. notes. index., Ages 16 to adult. Reviewer: William Kircher; Washington, DC

Library Journal

World War II signifies more than an international struggle. In Double Victory, professor Takaki (UC-Berkeley) uses a spectrum of American voices to illustrate the struggles on the home front: the minority efforts to win recognition in the U.S. military, the minority men and women who left farm and domestic jobs and joined the larger economy, the histories of Asian Americans during the war, and the fight by American Jews to get President Roosevelt to intervene for European Jews. The author's lucid prose enlists narrator Edward Lewis's enthusiasm, and the work shows that the genesis of America's power in the world and the advancement of multiculturalism at home occurred in tandem. Highly recommended. James L. Dudley, Westhampton Beach, NY Copyright 2002 Cahners Business Information.

Book Details

Published
June 1, 2000
Publisher
Boston : Little, Brown and Co., c2000.
Pages
288
Format
Hardcover
ISBN
9780316831550

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