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Hattie McDaniel: Black Ambition, White Hollywood by Jill Watts β€” book cover

Hattie McDaniel: Black Ambition, White Hollywood

by Jill Watts
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Overview

Hattie McDaniel is perhaps best known for her performance as Mammy, the sassy foil to Scarlett O'Hara in Gone With the Wind, one of Hollywood's most revered -- and controversial -- films. McDaniel's Oscar win raised hopes that the entertainment industry was finally ready to create more respectful, multidimensional roles for blacks. But under the aegis of studio heads eager to please Southerners, screenwriters kept churning out roles that denigrated the African-American experience.

Where McDaniel's stature and popularity should have increased after Selznick's masterpiece came out, as was the case for her white counterparts, hers declined, as an increasingly politicized black audience turned against her. "I'd rather play a maid than be a maid," is how McDaniel answered her critics. Yet her flippant response belied a woman whose hardscrabble background rendered her emotionally conflicted about the roles she accepted. Here, at last, in a finely tuned biography by Jill Watts, is her story.

Watts, a highly praised researcher and writer, shares little-known aspects of McDaniel's life, from her dealings with Hollywood's power brokers and black political organizations to her successful civil rights battle to integrate a Los Angeles neighborhood, revealing a woman hailed by Ebony as an achiever of "more firsts in Hollywood" than any other black entertainer of her time.

Synopsis

Hattie McDaniel is perhaps best known for her performance as Mammy, the sassy foil to Scarlett O'Hara in Gone With the Wind, one of Hollywood's most revered -- and controversial -- films. McDaniel's Oscar win raised hopes that the entertainment industry was finally ready to create more respectful, multidimensional roles for blacks. But under the aegis of studio heads eager to please Southerners, screenwriters kept churning out roles that denigrated the African-American experience.

Where McDaniel's stature and popularity should have increased after Selznick's masterpiece came out, as was the case for her white counterparts, hers declined, as an increasingly politicized black audience turned against her. I'd rather play a maid than be a maid, is how McDaniel answered her critics. Yet her flippant response belied a woman whose hardscrabble background rendered her emotionally conflicted about the roles she accepted. Here, at last, in a finely tuned biography by Jill Watts, is her story.

Watts, a highly praised researcher and writer, shares little-known aspects of McDaniel's life, from her dealings with Hollywood's power brokers and black political organizations to her successful civil rights battle to integrate a Los Angeles neighborhood, revealing a woman hailed by Ebony as an achiever of more firsts in Hollywood than any other black entertainer of her time.

About the Author, Jill Watts

A professor of history at California State University and the coordinator of the film studies program at California State University, San Marcos, Jill Watts has written two previous books, God, Harlem U.S.A.: The Father Divine Story and Mae West: An Icon in Black and White. She lives in San Marcos, California.

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Editorials

Publishers Weekly

In her imperfect yet fascinating biography, Watts (Mae West) unveils the largely tragic tale of Hattie McDaniel, the first African-American to win an Academy Award. Born in 1893, the youngest daughter of freed slaves, McDaniel sang and danced to help provide for her poverty-stricken family. Her early career as a comedian and singer garnered raves. She landed in Hollywood, appearing as an extra in scores of early 1930s films. Soon speaking roles in films like Stella Dallas led to her Oscar-winning performance as Mammy in the 1939 epic Gone with the Wind. This achievement marked the pinnacle of McDaniel's career-and heralded its collapse. Despite the complexity of her portrayal, McDaniel became typecast as the affable, disgruntled or tippling domestic. Although she'd educated herself , dressed elegantly and became involved in a range of political and social issues, McDaniel was hampered by studios that presented her as an eye-rolling, dialect-speaking Jemima. Watts's strength lies in her explication of the political and social conflicts in which McDaniel was embroiled. Yet her illumination of the complex actress herself is weak; she only comes alive in the book's final chapters. Nevertheless, Watts has crafted a compelling, disturbing history of blacks in early Hollywood. Photos. Agent, Victoria Sanders. (Oct.) Copyright 2005 Reed Business Information.

Library Journal

Watts (history & film studies, California State Univ.) previously considered the conjunction of race and white Hollywood in Mae West: An Icon in Black and White (2001). Her biography of Hattie McDaniel (1895-1952) underscores the tragedy of this transitional performer who was the first African American to win an Academy Award for her role as Mammy in Gone with the Wind. Though a multitalented stage, screen, television, and radio star, McDaniel was locked into playing stereotypical comic maid roles. Watts notes, however, that McDaniel accepted those roles, which gave her a lucrative salary and allowed her to maintain a wealthy lifestyle. Through personal correspondences, studio memos, and other primary documents, Watts suggests that McDaniel's career must be reexamined for its subversion of stereotypical "mammy" roles. Watts's book is more detailed than Carlton Jackson's Hattie: The Life of Hattie McDaniel and would best be read in conjunction with Donald Bogle's Bright Boulevards, Bold Dreams: The Story of Black Hollywood. Recommended for all film and black studies collections.-Anthony J. Adam, Prairie View A&M Univ. Lib., TX Copyright 2005 Reed Business Information.

School Library Journal

Adult/High School-Through research and interviews with friends of McDaniel, Watts explores the actress's life and career. Though she worked in a variety of venues, including television and radio, she was arguably best known for her role as Mammy in Gone with the Wind. When McDaniel signed the contract, in 1939, to play the part, she said, "This is a chance to glorify Negro womanhood-." The first black actress to win an Academy Award, she said in her acceptance speech, "I sincerely hope that I shall always be a credit to my race and the motion picture industry." For a time, she hoped that the award would mean more opportunities for her and a wider range of roles for black performers in general. That did not happen. Forced into continuing to play the role of the faithful servant, she was criticized by many members of the black community, including the press, for perpetuating negative stereotypes. The choice, as she saw it, often came down to accepting the parts she was offered and trying to give them worth or leaving the entertainment industry. Watts presents a fascinating and well-written study of a complex woman who strived for recognition as an actress and yet too many times was denied the opportunity to use her talents.-Peggy Bercher, Fairfax County Public Library, VA Copyright 2006 Reed Business Information.

Edward Rothstein

"A provocative biography."

Book Details

Published
September 27, 2005
Publisher
HarperCollins Publishers
Pages
368
Format
Hardcover
ISBN
9780641961106

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