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How the Canyon Became Grand: A Short History by Stephen J. Pyne — book cover

How the Canyon Became Grand: A Short History

by Stephen J. Pyne
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Overview

Dismissed by the first Spanish explorers as a wasteland, the Grand Canyon lay virtually unnoticed for three centuries until nineteenth- century America rediscovered it and seized it as a national emblem. This extraordinary work of intellectual and environmental history tells two tales of the Canyon: the discovery and exploration of the physical Canyon and the invention and evolution of the cultural Canyon—how we learned to endow it with mythic significance. Acclaimed historian Stephen Pyne examines the major shifts in Western attitudes toward nature, and recounts the achievements of explorers, geologists, artists, and writers, from John Wesley Powell to Wallace Stegner, and how they transformed the Canyon into a fixture of national identity. This groundbreaking book takes us on a completely original journey through the Canyon toward a new understanding of its niche in the American psyche, a journey that mirrors the making of the nation itself.

Synopsis

Dismissed by the first Spanish explorers as worthless, the Grand Canyon was nearly doomed to be forgotten, an incidental landform. Luckily, as Stephen Pyne explores in this book, in the next four hundred years we learned to see - and also to make maps, to understand geology and measure the earth's history, to embrace nature rather than shun it. A complex coalescence of science, art, literature, nationalism, and personalities allowed us to create a cultural canyon as deep and resonant as the physical one. How the Canyon Became Grand is both a chronicle of discovery, recounting the achievements of explorers, geologists, artists, and writers, from John Wesley Powell and Clarence Dutton to Wallace Stegner, and a provocative explanation of how they turned the Canyon into a symbol of American grandeur, and later of wilderness - in other words, how they transformed an almost overlooked phenomenon into a fixture of the American identity.

USA Today

Unique and revealing...offers great grist for discussion, perhaps as deep as the Grand Canyon itself.

About the Author, Stephen J. Pyne

Stephen J. Pyne is a professor of history at Arizona State University, a MacArthur Foundation Fellow, and winner of the 1995 Los Angeles Times Robert Kirsch Award for Arts and Letters. His book The Ice was named one of The New York Times Book Review's 10 Best Books of the Year. His eleven groundbreaking books include the five-volume Cycle of Fire. He lives in Glendale, Arizona.

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Editorials

New York Newsday

This extraordinary document puts the national landmark in the context of nothing less than the intellectual history of Western civilization — in 200 pages.

Timothy Egan

Pyne makes a strong case that the Grand Canyon is as much an American invention as baseball. His essay is a bit wordy in places, perhaps reflecting the fact that it was started by a less confident writer toiling in graduate school long ago. He overlooks -- significantly -- how the Canyon was viewed in many American Indian and Anasazi creation myths. But overall, he leaves the impression that much of the rubbernecking people experience while floating the Canyon could be done, with equal excitement, in a gallery or library devoted to this singular piece of scenery. -- The New York Times

USA Today

Unique and revealing...offers great grist for discussion, perhaps as deep as the Grand Canyon itself.

Publishers Weekly

Don't expect a mere geology lesson from Pyne. Here, the acclaimed environmental writer (Fire on the Rim; The Ice) and MacArthur Foundation Fellow places America's most notable natural wonder in cultural context. While today we may take the Grand Canyon's splendor for granted, as far back as the 1500s, when the canyon was "discovered" by European explorers, it earned little more than a brief mention in journals. The explanation for this, Pyne reasons, is that there was then no cultural, artistic or monetary tradition or value attached to natural monuments: "Probably no European country was prepared to appreciate a phenomenon like the Canyon." It wasn't until the mid-19th century that the canyon began to become fully appreciated, both for its natural beauty and as a geological phenomenon. The canyon increasingly became the subject of paintings, photographs, travelogues and intense scientific study. A professor of history at Arizona State University, Pyne writes eloquently as he sketches early explorers, scientists, artists and engineers who applied themselves to the study of the Canyon and who, in so doing, nurtured our love for it. Anyone interested in the Grand Canyon and the Southwest, or in the evolution of cultural evaluation of the natural world, should cotton to Pyne's first-rate history.

Library Journal

The leading expert on the history of fire, Pyne first developed an appreciation for the Grand Canyon during his 15 seasons as a forest firefighter on the canyon's north rim (Fire on the Rim: A Firefighter's Season at the Grand Canyon). To understand the Canyon as a place and as a perspective, Pyne traces its history from the time of the Spanish conquistadors and later explorers like John Wesley Powell and Clarence Dutton to its status today as a natural wonder attracting more than five million visitors annually. He also explains how our attitude toward the canyon has changed. Once feared and avoided, it became a vital part of America's cultural landscape when Americans matured economically, politically, and socially with a focus and awareness on environmental issues that allowed them to appreciate "the genius of the place." Pyne's extended interpretive essay places the Canyon and its history within a larger social and cultural context. -- Patricia Ann Owens, Wabash Valley College, Mt. Carmel, Illinois

Booknews

Pyne (history, Arizona State U.) both chronicles the discoveries of explorers, geologists, artists and writers and explains how they turned the big ditch along the Colorado River into a symbol of American grandeur and later of wilderness. He points out that the original Spanish discoverers dismissed it as of no use or consequence, and that its current status was not inevitable but the result of systematic and sustained effort. Black-and-white drawings, maps, and photographs support the text. Annotation c. by Book News, Inc., Portland, Or.

Toby Lester

...[A] slender, lapidary account [that] considers how observers of different eras have perceived the Grand Canyon...."The Canyon has something yet to say," Pyne concludes, "even if each visitor hears only the echo of his or her own voice." -- WQ: The Wilson Quarterly

Kirkus Reviews

Intellectual and environmental history merge in a useful study of one of the world's great natural wonders. Pyne (Vestal Fire), the MacArthur Award-winning author of several books on the Grand Canyon, returns to the same setting here with this history of how the American view of nature changed as a result of explorers' encounters with the mile-deep terrestrial fissure. In the mid-19th century, Pyne writes, Americans were inclined to view such features of the landscape as challenges to be overcome, not as scenic splendors: "popular instincts argued that river-dashed gorges were hazards, not adventures." It was thanks to a generation of intellectuals, and especially geologists, Clarence Dutton foremost among them, that the weird, imposing land forms visible in and around the Grand Canyon would come to be seen as "the coliseums, temples, and statuary of an inspired nature." Until that time, Pyne notes, the Canyon was known but not publicized; the project of intellectuals to claim it as a national treasure without peer in the world was a step in creating a general consciousness of public lands that would in some instances become the first national parks. Dutton wrote celebratory studies and gave exalted place names (Point Sublime, Point Imperial) to spits of land overlooking the chasm. Meanwhile, his contemporary Thomas Moran painted masterful panoramas that were widely published in journals and helped to lure tourists to the region. Later, canyon aficionados like Joseph Wood Krutch continued the call. "The Canyon claims standing," Pyne concludes, "not because of its size or antiquity but, as Dutton had insisted, by virtue of its ever-evolving ensemble and the ideas continuallymade available by which to interpret it." The many ideas contained in Pyne's book alone will help that interpretation along nicely.

Book Details

Published
July 1, 1999
Publisher
Penguin Group (USA)
Pages
240
Format
Paperback
ISBN
9780140280562

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