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Businesspersons & Entrepreneurs - Biography, Economic Conditions in the United States, American Colonial History - General & Miscellaneous, Business Biography - Specific Individuals, 19th Century American History - Economic Aspects, 18th Century American
John Jacob Astor: America's First Multimillionaire by Axel Madsen — book cover

John Jacob Astor: America's First Multimillionaire

by Axel Madsen, Madsen
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Overview

On The Deal Maker: How William C. Durant Made General Motors:
"A well-written biography."–New York Times

On Stanwyck: The Life and Times of Barbara Stanwyck:
"Madsen’s admirably researched, insightful portrait of her aloof nature . . . reveals she was always torn between her wish to give of herself and her need to be in control."–Christian Science Monitor

On Chanel: A Woman of Her Own:
"Fascinating . . . . Takes the reader behind the coromandel veneers of Chanel’s life."–New York Times Book Review
"Carefully knits together the complex pattern of Chanel’s complicated existence. It’s not an easy task."–Toronto Globe and Mail

On Gloria and Joe:
"Axel Madsen finally gives the public a fascinating chronicle of the romance that could have ruined more than two careers."–Dallas Morning News

On Cousteau:
"Both critical and understanding. And it is exceptionally readable. Readers are well advised to take the plunge."–Chicago Tribune

On Malraux:
"Will stand as the best of more than a dozen books about Malraux in print."–Kansas City Star

Synopsis

"All he touched turned to gold, and it seemed as if fortune delighted in erecting him a monument of her unerring potency."–Philip Hone, the last aristocratic mayor of New York

When he died a few months short of his eighty-fifth birthday, John Jacob Astor was the richest man in the United States. The fortune he left behind represented an astounding one-fifteenth of all personal wealth in America. Now, in this revelatory biography, bestselling author Axel Madsen deftly examines the private life of the first multinational entrepreneur of the New World.

Ruthless, tightfisted, but with an amazing gift for organizing business, Astor built an empire that spanned the commercial world of his time. From the end of the American Revolution to the mid-nineteenth century, Astor exhibited his flair for business and left a lasting impact on an emerging America. Astute and audacious, he became one of the first merchants to imagine the world as a global economy. And he had an uncanny knack for bolting out of businesses just before they went bust. He liquidated his China clippers just as tea from India and Japan cut into the tea trade; he dropped his fur interest just as fashion shifted and beavers and other furs became too scarce to be used in the emerging ready-made clothing industry. He then successfully converted his profits into Manhattan real estate.

Astor was a slumlord, a war profiteer, and a merciless jobber who shipped opium to China and sold liquor to Indians. He tricked President Thomas Jefferson into making an exception on the trade embargo against Britain and France for him–and profited handsomely when James Madison blundered into the War of 1812.

John Jacob Astor tells the fascinating tale of this German-born son of a butcher who made his fortune in a new world where his money influenced public policy and led him to socialize with presidents and kings. This intriguing book features some of the most fascinating figures in the early history of the United States, including Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, Aaron Burr, and Washington Irving.

A thrilling account of this legendary figure and the harrowing cross-country expedition he financed in order to rule the rich western fur trade, John Jacob Astor weaves the story of the beginning of big business in America with Astor’s life and, ultimately, reveals a man whose desire to reinvent himself reshaped the modern world.

USA Today

Fur trader, slumlord, war profiteer, opium dealer, liquor salesman. That's the rap on the first of America's legendary business titans, John Jacob Astor.

The biography, John Jacob Astor: America's First Multimillionaire by Axel Madsen, records how in 1784, he arrived in America after an unusually long crossing of the Atlantic: He was at sea for 4 months. He was 20 years old with $25 in his pocket. At the time of his death, a few months shy of his 85th birthday, he was worth upward of $20 million and was the richest man in the USA. According to Axel Madsen (who has written 15 biographies on famous figures, such as Joe Kennedy and Gloria Swanson), Astor embodied the American Dream. His desire to reinvent himself propelled him to levels of financial success few could attain.

By all historical accounts (the vast majority supplied by the New York Public Library archives), Astor was ruthless and stingy, but he had a flair for business. Sounds like a viable strategy. And he had an uncanny ability for high-tailing it out of a business before it went bust.

A poor German immigrant, Astor made his way to New York and rapidly stamped his mark on an economy that was taking off. He seemingly glided from the fur trade, bolstered by selling liquor to the Indians, to shipping opium to China, to Manhattan real estate (his greatest coup). He is described as a slum lord. Fairly unsavory stuff, but worth a fortune.

Money was his passion, and that's all that mattered to him. He understood the impermanence of success and understood the volatility of the markets and how to anticipate change. Worthy instincts, even today.

The fascinating thing about Astor is that, regardless of how one feels about his business practices, he was one of the first businessmen to imagine the world as a global economy. He went for it with gusto. To get a snapshot of how rich he was in his heyday, the author gives us this fine example:

In 1844, the average New Yorker earned $1 a week. That year, Astor gave his granddaughter Laura a wedding gift of $250,000, conservatively worth $50 million today.

The author reveals that it was really his wife, Sarah Todd, who came with a $300 dowry and a free place to live with her family, who started him on his financial way. Her wealth allowed him to quit hawking bread on the streets of lower Manhattan, his first job in this country. His work schedule is admirable, given the hours many of today's workers put in. He would have breakfast at 9a.m., leave the office at 2 in the afternoon, have dinner at 3, then savor a glass of beer and three games of checkers each evening, according to Madsen.

Astor offers a historical insight into a vibrant, growing American economy, as well as a glimpse of a man who made the most of his time here. The fault is the inability to tap into the real heart of what propelled this man to such great heights. We learn of his business practices but little about his inner motivation and soul. We know that after money was no object, he spent much time traipsing around Europe from court to court, trying to marry his favorite daughter off to royalty. But more of his business acumen would have been worth noting beyond the notion that he was merciless and aggressive. How so? The author assures us that part of that problem was that none of Astor's children or siblings ever published an anecdote that might throw light on his character.

Too bad.

About the Author, Axel Madsen

AXEL MADSEN has written fifteen biographies, including Chanel: A Woman of Her Own, Gloria and Joe: The Star-Crossed Love Affair of Gloria Swanson and Joe Kennedy, and The Deal Maker: How William C. Durant Made General Motors (Wiley). He lives in Los Angeles.

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Editorials

From Barnes & Noble

American history is littered with millionaires, but most of those magnates focused on a particular arena of commerce. Carnegie found his fortune in steel, Rockefeller got rich in oil, and banker extraordinaire J. P. Morgan made his money from, well, money. The nation's first millionaire, though, liked to have his fingers in many pots. John Jacob Astor started out his business career by unloading, of all things, a bag of flutes, but he would eventually move on to dabble in furs, tea, liquor, opium, and even Manhattan real estate. In John Jacob Astor: America's First Multimillionaire, acclaimed biographer Axel Madsen offers an entertaining and insightful look at a lucrative life and, at the same time, explores the rise of big business in America.

USA Today

Fur trader, slumlord, war profiteer, opium dealer, liquor salesman. That's the rap on the first of America's legendary business titans, John Jacob Astor.

The biography, John Jacob Astor: America's First Multimillionaire by Axel Madsen, records how in 1784, he arrived in America after an unusually long crossing of the Atlantic: He was at sea for 4 months. He was 20 years old with $25 in his pocket. At the time of his death, a few months shy of his 85th birthday, he was worth upward of $20 million and was the richest man in the USA. According to Axel Madsen (who has written 15 biographies on famous figures, such as Joe Kennedy and Gloria Swanson), Astor embodied the American Dream. His desire to reinvent himself propelled him to levels of financial success few could attain.

By all historical accounts (the vast majority supplied by the New York Public Library archives), Astor was ruthless and stingy, but he had a flair for business. Sounds like a viable strategy. And he had an uncanny ability for high-tailing it out of a business before it went bust.

A poor German immigrant, Astor made his way to New York and rapidly stamped his mark on an economy that was taking off. He seemingly glided from the fur trade, bolstered by selling liquor to the Indians, to shipping opium to China, to Manhattan real estate (his greatest coup). He is described as a slum lord. Fairly unsavory stuff, but worth a fortune.

Money was his passion, and that's all that mattered to him. He understood the impermanence of success and understood the volatility of the markets and how to anticipate change. Worthy instincts, even today.

The fascinating thing about Astor is that, regardless of how one feels about his business practices, he was one of the first businessmen to imagine the world as a global economy. He went for it with gusto. To get a snapshot of how rich he was in his heyday, the author gives us this fine example:

In 1844, the average New Yorker earned $1 a week. That year, Astor gave his granddaughter Laura a wedding gift of $250,000, conservatively worth $50 million today.

The author reveals that it was really his wife, Sarah Todd, who came with a $300 dowry and a free place to live with her family, who started him on his financial way. Her wealth allowed him to quit hawking bread on the streets of lower Manhattan, his first job in this country. His work schedule is admirable, given the hours many of today's workers put in. He would have breakfast at 9a.m., leave the office at 2 in the afternoon, have dinner at 3, then savor a glass of beer and three games of checkers each evening, according to Madsen.

Astor offers a historical insight into a vibrant, growing American economy, as well as a glimpse of a man who made the most of his time here. The fault is the inability to tap into the real heart of what propelled this man to such great heights. We learn of his business practices but little about his inner motivation and soul. We know that after money was no object, he spent much time traipsing around Europe from court to court, trying to marry his favorite daughter off to royalty. But more of his business acumen would have been worth noting beyond the notion that he was merciless and aggressive. How so? The author assures us that part of that problem was that none of Astor's children or siblings ever published an anecdote that might throw light on his character.

Too bad.

Publishers Weekly

Expertly situating his subject's accomplishments in the context of late 18th- and early 19th-century commercial and geopolitical expansion, Madsen (Chanel; Gloria and Joe) weighs in with an absorbing biography of one of 19th-century America's most powerful men. Having immigrated to the U.S. from Germany in 1783, Astor was on friendly terms with such prominent figures as Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and Albert Gallatin by the time he came to dominate the North American fur trade in 1800. While Astor's relationships with Jefferson and others characterized the wheeling and dealing in fledgling Washington, D.C., his mastery over the fur trade figured significantly in opening up the American West. The book's best moments come when Madsen describes Astor's efforts to establish a permanent outpost in the Oregon territory. Called Astor, it was designed not only to aid its founder's domination of the fur trade in the Northwest, but to help him facilitate trade with China--for while fur brought Astor his first fortune, foreign trade provided him with his second. While he had a talent for exploiting new business opportunities, Astor also had the foresight to extricate himself from both the fur and trading businesses before they waned. Astor's third fortune, the legacy he would pass on to his heirs, sprang from his real estate investments in Manhattan. He sank the profits from his first ventures into large swaths of land in rapidly expanding New York City, where he built mansions and tenements alike. Madsen provides a largely sympathetic portrait of Astor; while no revelations emerge, the book effectively projects his story against the backdrop of seminal events in early American history. 21 illus. and 2 maps. (Feb.) Copyright 2001 Cahners Business Information.

Library Journal

For much of our nation's history, the name Astor has been synonymous with great wealth. Madsen (Chanel, Gloria and Joe) now adds his account of the life and times of the nation's first multimillionaire. Astor was born in Germany in 1763 and came to the New World at age 20 with a shipment of musical instruments as his stake. By the time he died in 1848, he had made separate fortunes in the fur trade, the China trade, and New York real estate, with a few bucks from opium trading thrown in. But his really big money came from land, which he purchased in large tracts in and around the burgeoning city of New York and leased out on long contracts. By the late 1880s, his descendants were collecting $9 million per year in rent from the city alone! This work is based on such published sources as Kenneth W. Porter's John Jacob Astor, Businessman (1931) and John Upton Terrell's Furs by Astor (1963) but does have both footnotes and a list of sources. Unfortunately, there are many awkwardly constructed sentences and geographic errors; otherwise, this would have been an acceptable public library purchase. Patrick J. Brunet, Western Wisconsin Technical Coll., La Crosse Copyright 2001 Cahners Business Information.

Booknews

Biographer Axel Madsen examines the private life of the first multinational entrepreneur of the New World. He tells the tale of this ruthless, tight-fisted German-born son of a butcher whose amazing gift for organizing business led him to build an empire that spanned the commercial world of his time and to socialize with presidents and kings. In the process, the author weaves the story of the beginning of big business in America with Astor's life and reveals a man whose desire to reinvent himself reshaped the modern world. The book contains a few b&w illustrations. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Kirkus Reviews

This biography of Astor is ultimately about as interesting as watching grass grow, but it is not the fault of Madsen (The Deal Maker, 1999, etc.)—for all Astor did was make money in mostly uninteresting (although sometimes plainly evil) ways, and then use it to make more money. John Jacob Astor was a money machine. From the moment Madsen starts tracking him, as a butcher's apprentice in the margrave of Baden-Baden, that is what his life is all about: both eyes assiduously skinned for lucre. He arrived in London with a bag of flutes, sold those to buy China tea, sold that to finance the purchase of some skins, came to America, bought more tea, more skins, a whole lot more, and that's history. Scruples were not a question for Astor; he had them or didn't depending on whether they helped him turn a dollar. Occasionally Madsen tries to add a little raciness to Astor's story. He suggests that Astor"hoodwinked" President Jefferson by running through a trade embargo, but really it was Jefferson doing Astor a favor; at another time Madsen describes Sarah Todd Astor, Astor's wife, as having"full, sensuous lips," but since the only extant portrait of her is on the facing page, that one doesn't fly either. So Madsen forgets the angles and plays the biography straight—complete but with no startling revelations—detailing how Astor made his boodle, the smart plays with tea and the dastardly shenanigans that put his fur companies on top. He was a war profiteer, an opium merchant, he plied liquor to Indians. Then he got into the Manhattan real-estate market and practically invented the word slumlord. He died owning $1 out of every $15 of personal wealthinAmerica—andabout an equal number of enemies. A mighty rocky biography of a completely stony subject. (21 illustrations)

Book Details

Published
January 1, 2001
Publisher
Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated
Pages
320
Format
Hardcover
ISBN
9780471385035

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