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Synopsis
The pseudonymous works Kierkegaard wrote during the period 1843-46 have been responsible for establishing his reputation as an important philosophical thinker, but for Kierkegaard himself they were merely preparatory for what he saw as the primary task of his authorship: to elucidate the meaning of what it is to live as a Christian and thus to show his readers how they could become truly Christian. The more overtly religious and specifically Christian works Kierkegaard produced in the period 1847-51 were devoted to this task. In this book Sylvia Walsh focuses on the writings of this later period and locates the key to Kierkegaard's understanding of Christianity in the "inverse dialectic" that is involved in living Christianly.
As Kierkegaard expressed it, "The formula for essential Christianity is: the essentially Christian is always the positive which is recognizable by the negative." The need for repentance, the sense of sorrow and shame, the sacrifice and suffering, the lowliness and abasement, and the poverty, weakness, failure, and adversity that characterize Christian existence make for a kind of life that, in normal human terms, no one would desire or choose to live. Yet these negative conditions are, from the Christian point of view, to be regarded inversely as aids toward willing the good and as a source of strength and deeper insight into the true nature of the eternal, life, love, hope, faith, and selfhood. The awareness that the negative conditions of Christian existence inversely signify new being, loftiness, riches, blessedness, possession of the eternal, closeness to God, and likeness to Christ converts the unhappiness, suffering, and rigor of life into joy and victory. The Christian is enabled to become essentially indifferent to external suffering and adversity and to find forgiveness and consolation in Christ.
In the four main chapters of this book, Walsh examines in detail how this inverse dialectic operates in the complementary relationship of the negative qualifications of Christian existence-sin, the possibility of offense, self-denial, and suffering-to the positive qualifications-faith, forgiveness, new life/love/hope, and joy and consolation. It was Kierkegaard's aim, she argues, "to bring the negative qualifications, which he believed had been virtually eliminated in Christendom, once again into view, to provide them with conceptual clarity, and to show their essential relation to, and necessity in, securing a correct understanding and expression of the positive qualifications of Christian existence."