Logical and Computational Aspects of Model-Based Reasoning
L. Magnani (Editor), N.J. Nersessian (Editor), C. PizziBooks.org participates in affiliate programs including Bookshop.org and the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program. We may earn a commission from qualifying purchases made through links on this page, at no additional cost to you.
Overview
The study of diagnostic, visual, spatial, analogical, and temporal reasoning has demonstrated that there are many ways of performing intelligent and creative reasoning that cannot be described with the help only of traditional notions of reasoning such as classical logic. Understanding the contribution of modeling practices to discovery and conceptual change in science requires expanding scientific reasoning to include complex forms of creative reasoning that are not always successful and can lead to incorrect solutions. The study of these heuristic ways of reasoning is situated at the crossroads of philosophy, artificial intelligence, cognitive psychology, and logic; that is, at the heart of cognitive science.There are several key ingredients common to the various forms of model-based reasoning. The term 'model' comprises both internal and external representations. The models are intended as interpretations of target physical systems, processes, phenomena, or situations. The models are retrieved or constructed on the basis of potentially satisfying salient constraints of the target domain. Moreover, in the modeling process, various forms of abstraction are used. Evaluation and adaptation take place in light of structural, causal, and/or functional constraints. Model simulation can be used to produce new states and enable evaluation of behaviors and other factors.
Synopsis
Treating the logical and computational aspects of the field in separate sections, 15 papers from a May 2001 international conference (Model-Based Reasoning: Scientific Discovery, Technological Innovation, Values) are presented by Magnani (U. of Pavia, Italy), Nersessian, (Georgia Institute of Technology, US), and Pizzi (U. of Siena, Italy). The first section examines the translation of diagrams into a formal predicate logic; the construction of models of metaphorical, abductive, and explanatory diagnostic reasoning through the use of adaptive logic; and other topics. Among the discussions of the later papers are computational methods and representation for models of discovering knowledge in scientific domains, a computer program that automatically builds engineering models for physical system balances accuracy and parsimony, and consistency diagnosis as an approach to diagnostic reasoning. Annotation (c)2003 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR