Join Books.org — it's free

Economic & Industrial Aspects of Technology, Social Aspects of Technology, Philosophical & Religious Aspects of Technology, Science - General & Miscellaneous
The Nature of Technology: What It Is and How It Evolves by W. Brian Arthur — book cover

The Nature of Technology: What It Is and How It Evolves

by W. Brian Arthur
Available on Bookshop Write a review

Books.org participates in affiliate programs including Bookshop.org and the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program. We may earn a commission from qualifying purchases made through links on this page, at no additional cost to you.

Log in to track your reading progress.

Overview

“More than anything else technology creates our world. It creates our wealth, our economy, our very way of being,” says W. Brian Arthur. Yet despite technology’s irrefutable importance in our daily lives, until now its major questions have gone unanswered. Where do new technologies come from? What constitutes innovation, and how is it achieved? Does technology, like biological life, evolve? In this groundbreaking work, pioneering technology thinker and economist W. Brian Arthur answers these questions and more, setting forth a boldly original way of thinking about technology.

The Nature of Technology is an elegant and powerful theory of technology’s origins and evolution. Achieving for the development of technology what Thomas Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions did for scientific progress, Arthur explains how transformative new technologies arise and how innovation really works. Drawing on a wealth of examples, from historical inventions to the high-tech wonders of today, Arthur takes us on a mind-opening journey that will change the way we think about technology and how it structures our lives. The Nature of Technology is a classic for our times.

About the Author, W. Brian Arthur

W. Brian Arthur is an External Professor at the Santa Fe Institute and a Visiting Researcher at PARC (Palo Alto Research Center). Formerly he was Morrison Professor of Economics and Population Studies at Stanford University. One of the pioneers of complexity theory, he also formulated the influential “theory of increasing returns,” which offered a paradigm-changing explanation of why some high-tech companies achieve breakaway success. Former director of PARC John Seeley Brown has said of him, “Hundreds of millions of dollars slosh around Silicon Valley every day based on Arthur’s ideas.” Arthur is the recipient of the International Schumpeter Prize in Economics, and the inaugural Lagrange Prize in Complexity Science. He lives in Palo Alto, California.

Reviews

There are no reviews yet. Log in to write one.

Editorials

From the Publisher

“…enlightening and stimulating, enhanced by a remarkable diversity of historical examples…The book invites comparison to work by Thomas Kuhn…Economists, social scientists, engineers and scientists all may come to regard it as a landmark.” —Science

“Provocative and engaging...Arthur’s theory captures many well-known features of technological change [and] also answers interesting questions.”—Nature

“…reframes the relationship between science and technology as part of an effort to come up with a comprehensive theory of innovation… Dr. Arthur is bold in his reassessment of the role of technology in science.” —The New York Times

Publishers Weekly

What is technology in its nature, in its deepest essence? Where does it come from? How does it evolve? With contagious enthusiasm, Arthur, an economics professor and a pioneer of complexity theory, tries to answer these and other questions in a style that is by turns sparkling and flat. Technology is self-creating, though it requires human agency to build it up and reproduce it. Yet technology evolves much like organisms evolve, and Arthur cannily applies Darwin's ideas to technologies and their growth. All technologies descend from earlier ones, and those that perform better and more efficiently than others are selected for future growth and development. But radical novelty in technology cannot be explained by this model of variation and selection, so Arthur argues that novel technologies arise by combination of existing technologies. For example, a hydroelectric power generator combines several main components—a reservoir to store water, an intake system, turbines driven by high-energy water flow, transformers to convert the power output to a higher voltage: groups of self-contained technologies—into a new technology. Arthur's arguments will likely alter the reader's way of thinking about technology and its relationship to humanity. (Aug.)

Kirkus Reviews

A scholarly inquiry into the origin, structure and evolution of technology. Arthur (Technology/Santa Fe Institute; Increasing Returns and Path Dependence in the Economy, 1994) begins by dismissing the traditional definition of technology as "applied science." He points out that science barely entered daily existence until the 19th century, so achievements from the stone axe to the telescope to the steam engine represent an irrepressible human penchant for inventing tools and then experimenting to make them better. Arthur doesn't object to experts who take for granted that technology evolves, but he wonders how to classify developments such as the laser, jet engine or radar, which, unlike biological species, are not improved versions of earlier objects. A thinker who aims to understand technology at its deepest level, the author defines it as a process of orchestrating phenomena (electricity, chemistry, quantum effects) to achieve a purpose (transportation, measurement, reproduction). Every technological development has its origin in a cluster of elements called domains-"any cluster of components drawn from in order to form devices or methods, along with its collection of practices and knowledge, its rules of combination, and its associated way of thinking." As this definition illustrates, Arthur seeks to break down his field of study into its essential elements and then examine each to attain a profound understanding. Readers with a philosophical inclination or a background in technology may absorb Arthur's insights, but the audience is limited. An intensely analytical academic exercise. For more accessible books on technological subjects, check out Henry Petroski (The Toothpick:Technology and Culture, 2007, etc.).

Book Details

Published
January 11, 2011
Publisher
Free Press
Pages
246
Format
Paperback, 2011
ISBN
9781416544067

More by W. Brian Arthur

Similar books